From 4d849c2c51443cd33d5e521e4c6233c71b0ba449 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: knolax <1339802534.kk@gmail.com> Date: Sat, 24 Feb 2018 00:00:44 -0500 Subject: added handouts for trial session, it's just sections 1 and 2 for now. --- handouts/trial | 275 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 275 insertions(+) create mode 100644 handouts/trial diff --git a/handouts/trial b/handouts/trial new file mode 100644 index 0000000..abb750b --- /dev/null +++ b/handouts/trial @@ -0,0 +1,275 @@ +- - - - - - ---=[Urbana Electronics & Programming Summer Program]=--- - - - - - +[Trial Session 2/23/2018] +TOPIC 1 - Linux System Maintenance + +[Section 1, SSH]---------------------------------------------------------------- + Welcome to UEPSP, today you will learn how to use a remote shell. +First off, what is a shell? On UNIX systems, the shell is the program you use to +interact with the computer. It's the outermost layer of the Operating System, +hence the name shell. On windows, the shell is called the command prompt. + + Specifically, you will be learning to use Bash(the shell) on Linux(the +operating system) + + You might not be running a unix system, and you might not have the +proper tools set up on your computer if you do. That's why I've set things up so +that you can use the shell on my computer, through your computer. This is called +a remote shell, remote meaning far away, or not the computer you're currently +using. + + There are many protocols for remote shells, such as telnet or ssh. We +will be using ssh today. To start off, download an ssh client. The client is the +program you run on my computer, that talks with the program running on my +computer, the server. + + ---If you are running Windows, go to: + https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/latest.html + + click on "putty.exe", under "Alternative Binary Files". Ask your + me whether to use the 32 bit or 64 bit version. + + After the executable(program) has been downloaded, click on it. + If it asks "Do you want to run this program", click run. + + in the text box titled "Host Name(or IP address)" type the ip + address on the login slip I gave you. + + in the box next to it titled "Port", type the port on the login + slip. + + Finally click "Open" and you should see a black window appear. + + If says "The authenticity of host ......", click yes + + The window should say "login as:", type in your username and + press enter. + + Do you see Ducky? + + ---If you are running Mac or Linux + Congratulations, you should already have ssh installed! + simply find the "terminal" program, and run that. + + A black box should come up, this is the terminal, and it is + running the shell for your computer. However you want to run the + shell on my computer. + + it should look something like this: + +--------------------------------------------------------------+ + |[ducky@pond ~]$ | + | | + | | + | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------+ + + now to run ssh, you have to run a command, type in the command: + "ssh -p [port] [username]@[ip]", replace [port] [username] and + [ip] with what's on the login slip I handed you. + + For example, if the port is 1235, your username is ducky and + the ip address is 123.456.7.89, you should type: + + +--------------------------------------------------------------+ + |[ducky@pond ~]$ssh -p 5535 ducky@123.456.7.89 | + | | + | | + | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------+ + + press enter, it should ask "The authenticity of host ....", type + "yes" and press enter + + +--------------------------------------------------------------+ + |[ducky@pond ~]$ssh -p 5535 ducky@123.456.7.89 | + |The authenticity of host '123.456.7.89' can't be established | + |ECDSA key fingerprint is | + |SHA256:yUDWcwEryMjEyrK9ajHogibqgLuSd3Y/orHF1BEbJeE. | + |Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?yes | + | | + | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------+ + + do you see ducky? + + So what did we just do? Well to start off, you downloaded an ssh client, +this connects to an ssh server on my computer. When you type things into the ssh +client, it gets sent to the shell on my computer, and the output gets sent back +to you. + + In order to connect to my computer, you need to know where it is. That's +where the IP address comes in. An IP address is the location of a computer on a +network, just like your house has an address that tells you where it is in town. +In this case, we're all on the same local network, my wifi. The IP address on +the slip is therefore a local ip. + + A computer has to handle a whole lot of connections at once, so to know +what kind of thing it's connecting to, they use ports. For example, if you +wanted to connect to a minecraft server, it would be on port 25565. The standard +port for ssh is 22, but I changed it for security purposes. + + Ok now that you're connected to my ssh server, you should see ducky, +type your password and press enter. please remember that you won't see your +password when you type it. You should see something like the below: + ++------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +|WELCOME TO URBANA UEPSP! | +|/----------------------\ | +|| __ ducky | | +|| <(o )___ says | | +|| ( ._> / hello | | +|| `---' | | +|\----------------------/ | +|ducky@123.456.7.89's password: | ++------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ + +finally you should now see something like this + + ++------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +|WELCOME TO URBANA UEPSP! | +|/----------------------\ | +|| __ ducky | | +|| <(o )___ says | | +|| ( ._> / hello | | +|| `---' | | +|\----------------------/ | +|ducky@123.456.7.89's password: | +|Last login: Fri Feb 23 22:19:43 2018 from 987.654.3.21 | +|[ducky@otherpond ~]$ | ++------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ + +Congratulations! you've opened a remote shell! You can now type commands that +will be run on my computer. + +[Section 2, Bash]--------------------------------------------------------------- + + Ok, so now you have a shell, but what is a shell? The shell is a program +that takes commands you type in, and runs them. There are many different kinds +of shells and the one you are running is called bash. + + To start off, let's type your first command, "help" and press enter. + ++------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +|WELCOME TO URBANA UEPSP! | +|/----------------------\ | +|| __ ducky | | +|| <(o )___ says | | +|| ( ._> / hello | | +|| `---' | | +|\----------------------/ | +|ducky@123.456.7.89's password: | +|Last login: Fri Feb 23 22:19:43 2018 from 987.654.3.21 | +|[ducky@otherpond ~]$help | ++------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ + +You should see something like the below afterwards: + ++------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +|WELCOME TO URBANA UEPSP! | +|/----------------------\ | +|| __ ducky | | +|| <(o )___ says | | +|| ( ._> / hello | | +|| `---' | | +|\----------------------/ | +|ducky@123.456.7.89's password: | +|Last login: Fri Feb 23 22:19:43 2018 from 987.654.3.21 | +|[ducky@otherpond ~]$help | +|GNU bash, version 4.4.12(1)-release (x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu) | +|These shell commands are defined internally. Type `help' to see this list. | +|Type `help name' to find out more about the function `name'. | +|Use `info bash' to find out more about the shell in general. | +|Use `man -k' or `info' to find out more about commands not in this list. | +| | +| ... | ++------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ + + Wow, that's a lot of text! to get rid of it, type "clear". You should +see something like the below: + ++------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +|[ducky@otherpond ~]$ | +| | ++------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ + + Now let's introduce the concept of working directories. When using a shell, +you're always in a certain directory(folder), that directory is called the +current working directory. The name of the directory is right after your +username, in this case it's "~". That's actually an abbreviation which means +your home directory. Your home directory where all your personal files go. + + To find out what's in a directory, simply type the command "ls". Nothing +comes up because your directory is empty. + + Directories have full names called "paths" that tell you it's exact +location. To find the path of your current working directory, type "pwd" + + You should see something like "/home/ducky" + + Now you know where home is! + + So what is this path? well first off, it starts off with the root +directory, which is written as "/". This is the directory everything is in. +Inside of that is the "home" directory, where all the homes are. Finally inside +of that is your home directory, "ducky". + + When a directory is inside of another directory, it is considered +"below" it. If a directory includes another directory, it is considered "above" +it. + + Ok but how do you move around? well that's simple, you type the command +"cd"(short for change directory) and the name or path of a directory. for +example if you want to move to the directory above your home, "/home", type: + + cd .. + + or + + cd /home + + cd takes in other information called arguments, which it uses to carry +out it's task. In this case, this could either be the full path of "home", which +is "/home". In another case, we type it's name "..". + + When you type the name of a directory, it's assumed that that directory +is a "local directory", or directory under your current directory. But hold on, +you said "home" was above my local directory! Well, that's why you don't type +"home". ".." is the name of the directory above the current directory, which in +this case is /home"" + + Now type "ls" again, you shoul see a lot of directories now. You can see +your home directory, and everyone else's too! + + ok now try going to somebody else's home, type: + + cd knolax + + It'll come up with an error, something like: + + -bash: cd: knolax: Permission denied + + That's because you don't have permission. See that's somebody else's +directory, and it's owned by knolax. You can only access files that you own, or +that others own but give you permission to use. We'll go into permissions later +on. + + Ok, let's go home, type: + + cd ~ + + Remember, ~ is an abbreviation for home. so when you type cd ~, you're +changing direcory to home. + + How do I make directories? well, that's the final command you'll learn +today, "mkdir". + + type the command: + + mkdir code + + Now you've made a directory named code insie of your home directory. + + type "ls" and you should see "code" +[END OF SECTION 2]-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Section 3 well be given to you by teacher instruction. -- cgit v1.1